So What Do We Know About This?
Thanks to a correspondent, I learned yesterday of the Lexile Framework for Reading. The company homepage describes it as "an educational tool that connects readers with reading materials using a common measure called a Lexile." I will be honest, here, and admit that I found the background material explaining Lexile measurement a bit intimidating. As soon as I saw the charts, my brain froze. But my wild guess is that this is an attempt to more accurately determine the reading level of a book then just calling it a "middle grade novel" or saying it's for kids 8 to 12 or 10 years old and up.
My first four books have Lexile scores available at through the Lexile site's database.
So is this something a lot of you have heard about? It was totally new to me.
31 Comments:
Oh, Gail. You're SO lucky you've missed all this crazy testing mania.
I'll let the teachers respond to this for the most part, but let me just say that we parents know A LOT about this.
IMHO: Lexile scores hold kids back. And I say that having kids with high LEXILE scores.
I had a piano teacher when I was young who taught me everything about everything. She bought me a book of Chopin's "Mazurkas" after 1 year of study. I looked at them (I think I was 9) and said, "I'm not ready to play these." She told me, "You'll become ready if you stretch yourself."
I believe that about kids and reading. I think every child should have the right to read WHATEVER book they want at any given time, be it "War and Peace" or a Berenstain Bears book.
(When my daughter was in 5th grade, her lexile scores showed that she was eligible to read 7 books in the Middle School Library. That meant she wouldn't get any reading credit in her reading class. She read those 7 books [I think they were all Dickens, with the exception of To Kill a Mockingbird], but there was no way she could read the number of books a child with lower lexile scores could. I'm sorry, but that's just lame.)
As a teacher and a parent, I agree with Kelly. Kids need to read what they are interested in and will do so no matter what the lexile. Some may need some scaffolding to be able to read the title they want, but that is the teacher or parents job to recognize the need and act appropriately. I see lexiles and other things such as the Fountas and Pinnell scale as a measure of a child's progress but certainly not a prescription for the books they should have access to.
I agree -- I'm completely opposed to this kind of stuff. It's stifling for kids.
Lexile scores and other book leveling systems are just tools. Their utility and drawbacks depend entirely on how they're used. I've taught 4th - 6th grade and it's often been nice to have some indication, beyond "middle grade novel", as to a book's difficulty.
The alternative to having real literature that has been "leveled" is having texts that have been written just to meet a certain publisher's definition of "on-grade", "below-grade" or "above-grade", and these kind of contrived texts KILL the joy of reading.
There's a big difference between 8-year-old readers and 12-year-old readers and as a new-ish 4th grade teacher I really appreciated the various leveling systems that helped me transition my students up into the realm of reading ability where the difficulty level ceased to be relevant.
I did some freelance for a publisher's educational division about a year or so ago. My job was (heavenly) to find short stories for kids and teens that could be ascribed to various themes. It was a lot of fun but the downside was that these stories had to fall within very specific Lexile scores. I eventually decided that my best bet was to just find as many stories as possible and hope that some of them would fall into place. A bit of an annoyance though, and no question.
As a public librarian and cheerleader for free reading, I'm alternately irritated and angered by Lexile. For someone who knows very little about children's literature, it's helpful... maybe. But I despise that teachers and parents are looking for books purely based on these scores. Adults (it's never kids, of course) come in with long print-outs of titles within a certain Lexile range, but there's no indication of whether the books are fiction or nonfiction, what their subject is, if they're funny or serious. Of course I don't mind helping tease out the books that would be of interest to and of the appropriate reading level for their kids, but that's what I'd do *without* the Lexile anyway.
I always think of Mitch from Beverly Cleary's book Mitch and Amy-- fourth grader Mitch who couldn't get through an easy reader about Jeff and his pony, but breezed through a novel about Wild Bill Hickok while laid up in bed. Interest and appeal will not always trump sentence complexity, but so often they do.
These things always worry me--because I'm afraid that they'll be used without intelligent and creative teacher guidance. As a guestimate, they're probably okay, but as a basic resource, I see them as a problem.
Last year, my son (6th grade) tested at an AR (accelerated reader) level of 13--meaning about the 1st year of college, I think. Anyway, for one book report, they were told to pick a book at their reading level and read it every day for a few weeks, then basically journal about it every day. I was fine with this, for one book--it's always good to experiment and stretch. But when I looked for books at that level, his choices were pretty much Dickens, Cooper, and Hawthorne. Okay...He picked Oliver Twist and made it about halfway through, enjoying parts of it, I think, but with no interest in continuing after the assignment date. And...I'm sorry--Hawthorne? What interest does my son have in The Scarlet Letter? I'm sure if I'd gone to the teacher and talked about it, she'd have been willing to go down a few levels and give him more choice--for one time, I didn't feel it was worth it. And I do think, as I said, that its good for him to reach out every once in a while.
But...some classes are run where the kids just go pick from their list, read a book, test on the computer, and that's it. If my son got in one of these classes, how much wonderful fiction, appropriate for his age, would he be missing out on? Classics AND modern choices?
Ah yes, the long list of books based on Lexile Scores. I wish teachers would *look* at these lists before handing them out to make sure that the content was OK!
A Chair for my Mother is in the same Lexile range as The Skin I'm In. What would the teacher who handed out the list do if this 2nd grader did her book report on The Skin I'm In?!
A Chair for My Mother 640L
The Skin I'm In 670L
My search showed the lexile numbers above for these books--not quite the same, but very close. Amazon describes Chair as being for ages 4 to 8. One of the reviews at Amazon for Skin place it in the 6th to 8th grade range.
So, my 10 year old has tested at a Lexile score of 1455. What does this mean? He is a HUGE reader - constantly reading. I doubt he is interested or would fully comprehend a college level text. We do not select books on Lexile ratings nor does our school district force students to pick books in that manner. Is this a useful tool? Should I care? Thoughts?
???????????
???????????????
???????????
?????????
??????
cqx
During the summer holidays,wow gold I would voluntarily wow goldin training, so that wow power levelingI have seen lots world of warcraft goldof dogs. Minnie waswow gold by far the funniest-looking buy wow golddog I have ever seen.
When he told me cheap wow goldthat he was late, world of warcraft goldI felt like a vessel,buy wow gold the only smashed.wow power leveling There were pieces dofus kamasof me in the kamas dofusorder, tan tiles. He kept dofus kamastalking, say whykamas dofus he abandoned me Final Fantasy XI giland said that ffxi gilit was the best buy ffxi gilI could do better, lotro goldit was his faultlotr gold and not from me.flyff penyaI had heard it before,buy flyff gold and many stillflyff money somehow still not immune,Maple Story Mesos maybe it is notMapleStory mesos immune to such crimes.Maple Story meso He left and I eq2 plattried to work EverQuest 2 goldwith my life. EverQuest 2 platI have the kettle and put it on to cook, I have my old red mug and filled it with coffee watching as each coffee eq2 platgranule slipped in China Runescape goldto the bone. ThatRunescape money was what my life Runescape Moneywas like, endless omissionsRunescape Power leveling of coffee granules,Runescape Gold somehow never managing Final Fantasy XI gilto make that cupffxi gil of coffee. Anyway, ifbuy ffxi gil the boiler pipe conclusion will try to live dofus kamasagainst problems atacheter des kamas of his warning
When I growing up,lv ring I had an old neighbor Replica Watchesnamed Dr. Gibbs.Replica Handbags He did not lookReplica Handbag like a doctor ICoach Handbags have ever known.Gucci Handbags He never yelled Rolex Watchesat us for playing Replica Rolex Watchesin his yard. I Designer clothingremember him as someone Designer replica handbagswho was much nicer Wholesale jewelrythan if 1) the Replica rolex watchescircumstances warranted. Whenreplica handbags Dr. Gibbs not to replica watchessave lives, he data processing servicewas the planting of data processingtrees. His house satdata processon ten acres, anddata processing service his life's goal wasdata processing to make it a data processforest. The gooddata processing service doctor had some data processinginteresting theories about data processthe Appendix 2) husbandry practices.
When you are starting out in the world wow goldof business, the number of choices you have to make can seem overwhelming, especially since you don’t have much in the way of reference. One of the biggest decisions you will need wow goldto make if you are starting up your own wholesale DVD business on eBay or with another website is the distributor you pick. Not only will your distributor be your lifeline for world of warcraft goldyour entire inventory but also your key business partner that can make or break the success of your new company. Let’s take a lookbuy wow goldat just a few of the things you need to keep in mind when you are hunting for a new distributor for your wholesale DVD business.More than any other quality, price should be your number one cheap wow goldconcern. The size of your distributors’ inventory is important; after all, no one wants to shop at a store that only sells a few items, but you can manage to stay in business with a wow power levelingsmall inventory if your prices can’t be beat. There are even some websites, like Woot.com, that only sell one item a day, but they sell it at such a great wow powerlevelingprice, they manage to make money. If you canwow leveling offer wholesale DVDs and CDs at a great price, you won’t have to worry about stocking a huge inventory.If you can find several distributors that all wow goldoffer you the same prices, the next biggest factor should be selection. There is a reason why people go to big box stores these days and not independent music and DVD stores: they craveworld of warcraft gold selection. When you have websites like Amazon.com that essentially sell every DVD in the world at the same time, you simply aren’t going to buy wow goldsurvive selling a dozen titles unless they are at prices that are head and shoulders above your competition. Your business will live or die on repeat visits, so give yourcheap wow gold customer base a reason to come back. Offer the biggest wow power levelingselection you can and youwow powerleveling might become an Internet legend.Just like having a credit card that has great rates but terrible customer service is only so useful, the same goes for your distributor.
“Cavalli” was chosen as the favorite menswear label in Florence in 2002,wow gold and Cavalli was picked by Fashion Group International as Designer of the Year. Check out Cavalli’s latest inspirations on Fashion TV this November.Come December, Fashion TV will present the latest spring/summer 2007 fashion looks ‘live’ from shows in all the fashion wow goldcapitals around the world. Book a spot next to the catwalk by tuning in to Fashion TV!Viewers can refer to the On-screen TV Guide or StarHub’s Online Programme Guide atwow gold for the schedule of the programmes on Fashion TV, and customers can call 1630 or 1633 to subscribe to the channel from 13 November 2006 onwards. Visit and for more information.
The "tone deaf" causes are very difficult to Warhammer goldidentify. Some of the singers always unable to sing in pitch every time without knowing reasons why. They can't warhammer online golddifferentiate one musical frequency or pitch from the other. Singers find it difficult to sing in harmony with others or toFinal fantasy xi gil accompany notes of some instrumentffxi gil of the music or the pitches.Do you know the causes that make you a "tone deaf"?cheap ffxi gil Actually, it might be possible as a child you were not involved in enough musical activities. You might not have got the training in your childhood. But it's not a problem.Final fantasy xi gil It is never too late to learn singing on pitch. In case of singing on pitch,ffxi gil tone deafness and actual deafness should be differentiated. Tone deaf people can hear the music and the other audible sounds like street traffic, noise etc but they are not able to differentiate one pitch from another. There is "ear training", a special form ofbuy ffxi gil training that can help you in singing on a pitch. Ear training can help you in the personal development of areas that are a bit lacking. If you want to put yourself at ease of singing on pitch, you have to learn the difference between singing and hearing. Both these terms are very much dependent on each other. Dr. Alfred Tomatis, a French audiologist, had established an important relationship between the dofus kamastwo terms. He told that if a person cannot produce a particular sound, he cannot hear it. He gave this reason for the change in the voice of older people. As they lose their kamas dofushearing ability, their voice changes. So hearing on pitch plays an important role in singing on pitch. You fail to copy the pitch, unless you learn to distinguish it. You dofus kamashave learn to hear pitch before you ever think about of singing in pitch. You must start from hearing the pitch. If you can hear, you can move to the next step tokamas dofus differentiate between the sounds of different pitches. For it, you need to find some good ear training exercise or you can hire a good coach to teach you the same. They can provide youffxi cheap gil an aid to improve your singing technique. ffxi gilSinging on pitch needs lot of practice. So keep practicing. Don't give it up. It is in your reach.
NEW YORK (Reuters) – Like many children wow power levelingof any faith Roger Bennett and Josh Kun found the religious instruction of their youth boring and irrelevant.But wow powerlevelingsomething must have seeped in because decades later while collecting kitschy Jewish album coverswow leveling they uncovered musical and cultural gems that could have redeemed Hebrew School.Their discoveries are recorded in a new book "And You wow power levelingShall Know Us By the Trail of Our Vinyl," -- a compilation of Jewish record albums from the 1940s through the 1970s."My frustrationwow powerleveling with Hebrew School was that it didn't speak to who I was or who I wanted to be. It didn't engage with life outside of Hebrewtales of pirates gold School," said Kun.One of their finds, a mambo-style 1959 album called "Bagels and Bongos", might have spiced things up in synagogue,silkroad gold while "Corned-Beef Confucius," by Max Asnas from the 1950s, could have provided some laughs.But Bennett and Kun insist the book is more than a nostalgic look at Jewish popular culture. It is a point of departure into a future silk road goldthat will be enriched by an infusion of the past.Q: Why a book all about records?Bennett: "Everyday objects tell stories that aremmporpg more powerful than people think at first glance. We can use objects to frame questions to make people think about online gameswho they are, what they're inheriting and what it means to them."Kun: "People look at this and say, 'Why does this matter?' Our work hasage of conan gold been to tell people why. One of the most fun things about this project has been translating this love into terms people age conan goldcan understand."Q: How did you go about collecting all of these records?Kun: "The work we've done with this music up to this point has been done as a small nonprofit, a labor of love. We devoted as much time as we could, taking weekends, stopping by age of conan power levelinggarage sales and meeting with musicians."Bennett: "We do feel a sense of urgency because these people are passing away."Q: Who was an exceptionally surprising and satisfying find?Bennett: "Jon Yune. Only in America could a Korean immigrant do a record of Hebrew and Yiddish songs. He still closes every one of his Vegas shows with "Exodus" because it not only reminds him of his relationship to Jewish music. He sees in Jewish history a parallel to the suffering of his own people."Q: What didaoc gold this book teach you about post-war Jewish popular culture?Bennett: "When we thought of Jewish music we thought of the holy trinity of Barry (Manilow), Barbra (Streisand) and Neil (Diamond). But we discovered a whole world. That framed one giant question, which was why had we never heard of any of this stuff? What's left out is so compelling. Ultimately this is aoc power levelingnot a book about music. aoc levelingIt's about how four generations lived in America diablo 2 cd keyand using the albums to tell history."Q: So putting this book together put your own Jewish identity in a different light?Bennett: "This book began by us diablo 2 cd keyjust collecting orphaned vinyl and then trying to track down as many of the performers as we can find. We have found role models in talking to them. daoc goldI felt like neither of us had a friend under 80!daoc plat I've found Jewish role models that are fascinating, extremely compelling, articulate -- that I wish I'd had at Hebrew School." (Reporting by Helen Chernikoff; editing by Patricia Reaney)
Through buying rappelz rupees, I find fun in it. I am so glad that I can earn a lot of rappelz gold. Rappelz cater to the taste of young people. With cheap rappelz rupees, you can get everything you want in this game. So I like to buy rupees. For me rappelz money is not just a simple thing.
Good News! Now all the players can buy wow gold from mmoinn.com, our cheap wow gold and wow power leveling have been sold for some time to obtain more favorable players! Mmoinn.com as soon as possible to buy it!
wow gold,world of warcraft gold,buy wow gold,wow power leveling,cheap wow gold,world of warcraft power leveling,world of warcraft gold,buy wow gold,ffxi gil,buy wow gold,wow power leveling,ffxi gil,world of warcraft power leveling,sell wow gold,wow power level,wow gold for sale,power leveling,wow power level,wow power level,power leveling,wow gold for sale,buy cheap wow gold.
WoW shares many wow gold of its features with previously launched games. Essentially, you battle with monsters and traverse the countryside, by yourself or as a team, find challenging tasks, and go on to higher cheap wow gold levels as you gain skill and experience. In the course of your journey, you will be gaining new powers that are increased as your skill rating goes up. All the same, in terms of its features and quality, that is a ture stroy for this.WoW is far ahead of all other games of the genre the wow power leveling game undoubtedly is in a league of its own and playing it is another experience altogether.
Even though WoW is a wow gold cheap rather complicated game, the controls and interface are done in buy warhammer gold such a way that you don't feel the complexity. A good feature of the game is that it buy wow items does not put off people with lengthy manuals. The instructions cannot be simpler and the pop up tips can help you start playing the game buy cheap world of warcraft gold immediately. If on the other hand, you need a detailed manual, the instructions are there for you to access. Buy wow gold in this site,good for you ,WoW Gold, BUY WOW GOLD.
???
??
??
???
????
??????
????
??????
????
????
googel????
googel????
??????
?????
???
????
????
?????
???
????
???
???
?????
??????
????
???
??
?????
???
???
???
?????
??
???
??|??2008|????
??
?????
?????
???
?????
?????
???
??????
???
??
???
???
?????
?????
?????
??????
????????
?????????
??????
??????????
??????????
???
??
?????
???????
????
????
??????
???
??????
?????
???
????
??????
????????
????????
??????
????
????
??????
????
??????
??????
??????
???
???
??????
????
????
????
???
???
china tours
china travel
china tour packages
tibet tour
????
????
??????
?????
???
?????
???
????
????
?????
????
??????
????
???
???
???
????
??1
??2
??3
??4
??5
??6
??7
??8
??9
??10
??11
??12
??13
??14
??15
??16
??0
???
????
????
googel????
googel????
??????
?????
???????
???????
?????????
??????????
???????????
????
??????
?????????
???????
???????
???????
?????????
??????
????????
?????
????
???????????
??????
??????
?????
?????
????????
??
IBM??
APC??
VEOR??
???
?????????
??????
????????
??????????
??????
?????????
??????
???????
????
??????
?????
??????
??????
????
????
????
????
???????
???????
??????
??????
??????
?????
???
???
????
????
????
wholesale jewelry
wholesale handmade jewelry
wholesale fashion jewelry
wholesale costume jewelry
handmade jewelry
fashion jewelry
costume jewelry
jewelry wholesale
wholesale pearl
wholesale crystal
discount jewelry
cheap wholesale
china jewelry wholesaler
wholesale china jewelry
handcrafted jewelry
wholesale jewellery
wholesale turquoise
wholesale swarovski
wholesale gemstone
wholesale coral
wholesale shell
????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??aneros,rudeboy,??rudeboy,??Rocksoff,??Fun Factory,Fun Factory,?????????,???????,??Rock Chic ,?? Lelo ,??Emotional Bliss,?? E.B,?? Natural Contours,?? N C,?? OhMiBod,?? OMB,Naughti Nano ,?????,ipod???,?? The Screaming O,??TSO,??TOPCO,??Doc Johnson,??CA Exotic,??CEN,??Nasstoy,??Tonguejoy,??Je Joue,??Pipe Dream,??California Exotic,??NassToys,??Vibropod,??Penthouse,?????,?????,????,????,????,PJUR,Zestra,???,????,??NPG,???,FANCARNAL,??NIPPORI,??GEL,??Aqua Style,??WET,???,?????,????,av??,??,??,??,??,???,??,??????,????,????,???,?????,???,TOY-????,?????,?????,?????,??????,?????,???,???,???,???,??,?????,??,???,????,????,??,???,????,SM??,SM,????,?????,pornograph,hunter??,h??,????,????,????,????,????,????,???,??,??,????,??,????,??,??,??,????,????,????,????,????,??,??,??,??,??,??,???,??,??,??,??,av,a?,????,????,????,????,????,??dvd,????,????,??dvd,????,???,??,??dvd,????,????,??A?,??A?,A???,????,????,TOKYO HOT,SKY ANGEL,???,SOD,S1,ALICE JAPAN,????,????,???,??,????,???,????,??,????,????,??,???,????,???,G?,????,????,????,????,????,??,???,??,??,??,????,????,????,????,????,????,??????,??,??????,???,??,??,??,??,??,????,??,??,??,????,???,??,???,????,????,????,????,??,???,????,???,???,????,??,??,??,????,av??,??,??,???????,???????,???????,???,??,??,????,??,??av,??,??,??,??,????, ????,???,????,????,????,????,??,????,???,?????,??,????,?????,????,???,??,????,??,????,??,????,?????,????,??a?,????,????,???,??????,??????,??,???,???,???,??,??,???,??,??,????,??,????,????,??,???,????,???, G?,????,????,????,????,??,??,??,???,??,??,??,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,??,???,??,??,??,??,??,????,??,??,??,????,???,??,???,????,????,????,????,??,???,????,,???,???,????,??,??,??,????, av??,??,??,???????,???????,???????,???,??,??,????,??,??av ,??,??,??,??,????,????,???,????,????,????,????,??,????,???,?????,??,????,?????,????,???,??,????,??,????,??,????,?????,????,??a?,??a?,????,???,??????,??????,??,???,???,???,??,??,???,??,??,????,???,???,???,??,??,??,????,??,????,???,????,????,????,??????,????,????,???,??,??,??,????,????,??,??,????,????,????,????,????,??,???,????,??,??,???,????,????,????, ???,??,???,????,??,????,???,????,????,????,??,??,??,??,??,??,????,????,??,????,????,??,??,??,???,???,???,????,????,????,????,????,????,???????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,??,???,???,seo,seo,????,????,??????,??,????,???,????,????,????,??,????,????,????,???,??,????,????,????,????,????,????,??????,????????,???????,????seo??,???????,???,seo,?????,????,????,?????,seo?,????,????,??????,????,????,????,????,??,??,????,??,??,??,???,??,??,??,??,????,??,????,????,???,????,???,????,???,????,???,???,???,seo,seo,????,????,??????,????,????,????,????,????,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,???,????,?????,????,????,????,English Club,???,???,????,????,?????,Toastmasters,Toastmaster,?????,?????,?????,????????,
world of warcraft power leveling wow power leveling power leveling wow gold ??3D ???? paper cup machine Mass air flow ?????automatic rigid box line,paper converting and wrapping machines,automatic box makers,rigid set-up gift box,paperboard converting equipment
???? ????? ?????,??/????? ????? ????? ??? thermoforming Equipment bag making machine ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????
power leveling wow power leveling paper box paper box equipment thermoforming Equipment Plastic Machinery Plastic Machine prada shoes true religion jeans evisu jeans Ed hardy Gucci shoes Gucci Handbag adidas shoes Ugg Boots nike shoes LV handbags Jordan shoes new era caps ?? ???
WoW shares many wow gold of its features with previously launched games. Essentially, you battle with monsters and traverse the countryside, by yourself or as a team, find challenging tasks, and go on to higher cheap wow gold levels as you gain skill and experience. In the course of your journey, you will be gaining new powers that are increased as your skill rating goes up. All the same, in terms of its features and quality, that is a ture stroy for this.WoW is far ahead of all other games of the genre the wow power leveling game undoubtedly is in a league of its own and playing it is another experience altogether.
Even though WoW is a wow gold cheap rather complicated game, the controls and interface are done in buy warhammer gold such a way that you don't feel the complexity. A good feature of the game is that it buy wow items does not put off people with lengthy manuals. The instructions cannot be simpler and the pop up tips can help you start playing the game buy cheap world of warcraft gold immediately. If on the other hand, you need a detailed manual, the instructions are there for you to access. Buy wow gold in this site,good for you ,WoW Gold, BUY WOW GOLD.
when you believeit's true when u believeit's a big worldblue skyin that daynobody at hereif you would liketomorrow is a fine daybeauty lifemiss youshine futureit's sun dayi am not a big girlin my lifethe feeling of loveshine daygood feelingbeautiful worldenjoy delicious foodlove is a feelingTalk to me softlyThere's something in Ur eyesDon't hang Ur head in sorrowplease don't cryI know how U feel insideI've been there beforeSomethings changing inside UAnd don't U knowDon't U cry tonightI still love U babyThere's a heaven above U babyGive me a whisperAnd give me a sighGive me a kiss before U tell me goodbyeDon't U take it so hard nowplease don't take it so badI'll still be thinkin' of UAnd the times we had-babyAnd please remember That I never liedif you want to make believethere's nothing up my sleevei'm a man as man can beas you can plainly seedon't want to see no tearseliminate your fearsi'm someone you can't fighti'm plain in sizeyou can't believe your eyesi'm too much to hold
Wholesale jewelry Jewelry wholesale Fashion jewelry Pandora jewelry Titanium jewelry Trendy jewelry Pearl jewelry
??????
??
???
????
??
???
????
??
???
????
??
???
????
??
???
????
??
???
????
??
??
????
??????????????????????????
???:????????????
Post a Comment
<< Home